10.5880/PIK.2020.006 Reyer, Christopher Christopher Reyer 0000-0003-1067-1492 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany Silveyra Gonzalez, Ramiro Ramiro Silveyra Gonzalez 0000-0002-3430-8383 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany Dolos, Klara Klara Dolos Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany Hartig, Florian Florian Hartig 0000-0002-6255-9059 University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany Hauf, Ylva Ylva Hauf Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany Noack, Matthias Matthias Noack Deutscher Forstwirtschaftsrat, Berlin, Germany Lasch-Born, Petra Petra Lasch-Born 0000-0001-6468-4411 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany Rötzer, Thomas Thomas Rötzer 0000-0003-3780-7206 Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany Pretzsch, Hans Hans Pretzsch 0000-0002-4958-1868 Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany Meesenburg, Henning Henning Meesenburg 0000-0002-3035-4737 Northwest German Forest Research Station, Göttingen, Germany Fleck, Stefan Stefan Fleck 0000-0003-1870-1828 Northwest German Forest Research Station, Göttingen, Germany Wagner, Markus Markus Wagner Northwest German Forest Research Station, Göttingen, Germany Bolte, Andreas Andreas Bolte 0000-0002-8088-3354 Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Eberswalde, Germany Sanders, Tanja Tanja Sanders 0000-0002-4536-4540 Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Eberswalde, Germany Kolari, Pasi Pasi Kolari 0000-0001-7271-633X University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Mäkelä, Annikki Annikki Mäkelä 0000-0001-9633-7350 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Vesala, Timo Timo Vesala 0000-0002-4852-7464 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Mammarella, Ivan Ivan Mammarella 0000-0002-8516-3356 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Pumpanen, Jukka Jukka Pumpanen 0000-0003-4879-3663 University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Matteucci, Giorgio Giorgio Matteucci 0000-0002-4790-9540 Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, Cosenza Area, Italy Collalti, Alessio Alessio Collalti 0000-0002-4980-8487 Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Viterbo, Italy D’Andrea, Ettore Ettore D’Andrea 0000-0002-5884-210X National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Agro-envinronmental and Forest Biology, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy Foltýnová, Lenka Lenka Foltýnová 0000-0001-8202-955X Global Change Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Krejza, Jan Jan Krejza 0000-0003-2475-2111 Global Change Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Ibrom, Andreas Andreas Ibrom 0000-0002-1341-921X Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark Pilegaard, Kim Kim Pilegaard 0000-0002-5169-5717 Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark Loustau, Denis Denis Loustau 0000-0003-3990-400X French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Bordeaux, France Bonnefond, Jean-Marc Jean-Marc Bonnefond French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Bordeaux, France Berbigier, Paul Paul Berbigier French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Bordeaux, France Picart, Delphine Delphine Picart French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Bordeaux, France Lafont, Sébastien Sébastien Lafont French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Bordeaux, France Dietze, Michael Michael Dietze 0000-0002-2324-2518 Boston University, Boston, USA Cameron, David David Cameron Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster, United Kingdom Vieno, Massimo Massimo Vieno 0000-0001-7741-9377 Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Tian, Hanqin Hanqin Tian 0000-0002-1806-4091 Auburn University, Auburn, United States Palacios-Orueta, Alicia Alicia Palacios-Orueta 0000-0002-1248-8336 Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Cicuendez, Victor Victor Cicuendez Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Recuero, Laura Laura Recuero Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Wiese, Klaus Klaus Wiese Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Büchner, Matthias Matthias Büchner 0000-0002-1382-7424 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany Lange, Stefan Stefan Lange 0000-0003-2102-8873 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany Volkholz, Jan Jan Volkholz Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany Kim, Hyungjun Hyungjun Kim 0000-0003-1083-8416 Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Weedon, Graham Graham Weedon 0000-0003-1262-9984 Met Office, Wallingford, UK Sheffield, Justin Justin Sheffield 0000-0003-2400-0630 Princeton University, Princeton, USA Vega del Valle, Iliusi Iliusi Vega del Valle Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany Suckow, Felicitas Felicitas Suckow 0000-0002-2566-7069 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany Horemans, Joanna Joanna Horemans 0000-0001-6593-7329 Centre of Excellence PLECO, University of Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium Martel, Simon Simon Martel 0000-0002-5110-3435 French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Bordeaux, France Bohn, Friedrich Friedrich Bohn 0000-0002-7328-1187 Helmholz Center for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany Steinkamp, Jörg Jörg Steinkamp 0000-0002-7861-8789 Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg, Germany Chikalanov, Alexandre Alexandre Chikalanov 0000-0002-4281-1376 University of Library Study and Information Technology, Sofia, Bulgaria, Mahnken, Mats Mats Mahnken 0000-0002-9755-8814 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany Gutsch, Martin Martin Gutsch 0000-0001-7109-273X Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany Trotta, Carlo Carlo Trotta 0000-0001-6377-0262 Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest System, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy Babst, Flurin Flurin Babst 0000-0003-4106-7087 W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Department of Ecology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland Frieler, Katja Katja Frieler 0000-0003-4869-3013 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany GFZ Data Services 2020 vegetation model soil climate CO2 Nitrogen deposition tree-level forest stand-level remote sensing EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > VEGETATION > NITROGEN EARTH SCIENCE > CLIMATE INDICATORS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > SOILS EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES > MODELS > DYNAMIC VEGETATION/ECOSYSTEM MODELS Reyer, Christopher Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany Dataset 10.1111/nph.12589 10.1016/S0168-1923(01)00240-4 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andreas_Bolte/publication/232259065_Zur_Funktion_der_Bodenvegetation_im_Nahrstoffhaushalt_von_Waldern_-_Studien_auf_Dauerbeobachtungsflachen_des_EU_Level_II-Programms_in_Norddeutschland_The_role_of_the_herbaceous_vegetation_in_forest_nu/links/02bfe50e4434aaed48000000.pdf 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.05.002 10.1093/treephys/23.4.227 10.1007/b82392 10.1111/j.1475-2743.2010.00300.x 10.5194/gmd-9-479-2016 www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends http://www.ceip.at/status_reporting/2014_submissions http://www.ceip.at/webdab_emepdatabase/reported_emissiondata 10.1007/BF00364109 10.1007/s13595-016-0571-4 http://fluxnet.fluxdata.org/data/fluxnet2015-dataset/data-processing/ 10.5194/gmd-10-4321-2017 10.1127/metz/2014/0523 https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/233557/ber14-4-731.pdf?sequence=1 https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/233136/ber15-4-375.pdf?sequence=1 http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=DK2002000034 10.5194/bg-9-5243-2012 10.1175/2009JTECHA1179.1 10.1007/978-3-642-30645-7 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.12.013 10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z 10.1007/b82392_5 10.1051/forest/2009130 http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/ebook/serien/yo/EfS/49.pdf http://sektionertragskunde.fvabw.de/band2011/Tag2011_05.pdf 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1241 10.1007/b82392_3 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.02.013 http://www.borenv.net/BER/pdfs/ber8/ber8-315.pdf 10.1093/treephys/18.4.223 10.1007/bf02832979 10.1007/s00468-014-1035-9 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.06.010 https://forst.brandenburg.de/media_fast/4055/efs19.pdf 10.1175/JCLI3790.1 10.5194/acp-12-7825-2012 https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&lr=&id=pYgUwmFfrOQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&ots=vZcIbPNo64&sig=K7KfD1-JXVTT1SAD-TIaQ2dCspk&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false 10.1029/2004GB002316 10.1073/pnas.1312330110 10.1002/2014WR015638 10.1175/2011JHM1369.1 10.1002/jpln.201600244 10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.07.012 10.5194/essd-2019-220 10.5880/PIK.2019.008 0.3 CC Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) Version History:


29 April 2020: Release of Version 0.3
This is an updated version of Reyer et al., (2019, V. 0.1.12, http://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.008). All changes and updates are documented in the changelog available via the data download section.




Current process-based vegetation models are complex scientific tools that require proper evaluation of the different processes included in the models to prove that the models can be used to integrate our understanding of forest ecosystems and project climate change impacts on forests. The PROFOUND database (PROFOUND DB) described here aims to bring together data from a wide range of data sources to evaluate vegetation models and simulate climate impacts at the forest stand scale.


It has been designed to fulfill two objectives:
- Allow for a thorough evaluation of complex, process-based vegetation models using multiple data streams covering a range of processes at different temporal scales
- Allow for climate impact assessments by providing the latest climate scenario data.


Therefore, the PROFOUND DB provides general a site description as well as soil, climate, CO2, Nitrogen deposition, tree-level, forest stand-level and remote sensing data for 9 forest stands spread throughout Europe. Moreover, for a subset of 5 sites, also time series of carbon fluxes, energy balances and soil water are available. The climate and nitrogen deposition data contains several datasets for the historic period and a wide range of future climate change scenarios following the Representative Emission Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5).


In addition, we also provide pre-industrial climate simulations that allow for model runs aimed at disentangling the contribution of climate change to observed forest productivity changes. The PROFOUND Database is available freely but we incite users to respect the data policies of the individual datasets as provided in the metadata of each data file. The database can also be accessed via the PROFOUND R-package, which provides basic functions to explore, plot and extract the data.


The data (PROFOUND DB) are provided in two different versions (ProfoundData.sqlite download as ProfoundData.zip, ProfoundData_ASCII.zip) accompanied by a change-log to the previous published version (changelog_Profound-DB_v03.pdf), auxiliary data of reconstructed single tree data at the site Sorø (Soroe_DBH_H_AGE_20200428.zip) and documented by the three explanatory documents:


(1) PROFOUNDdatabase.pdf: describes the structure, organisation and content of the PROFOUND DB.
(2) PROFOUNDsites.pdf: displays the main data of the PROFOUND DB for each of the 9 forest sites in tables and plots.
(3) ProfoundData.pdf: explains how to use the PROFOUND R-Package "ProfoundData" to access the PROFOUND DB and provides example scripts on how to apply it.