Images and videos of analogue centrifuge models exploring marginal flexure during rifting in Afar, East Africa

Cite as:

Zwaan, Frank; Corti, Giacomo; Keir, Derek; Sani, Federico (2020): Images and videos of analogue centrifuge models exploring marginal flexure during rifting in Afar, East Africa. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2020.020

Status

I N R E V I E W : Zwaan, Frank; Corti, Giacomo; Keir, Derek; Sani, Federico (2020): Images and videos of analogue centrifuge models exploring marginal flexure during rifting in Afar, East Africa. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2020.020

Abstract

This data set includes images and videos depicting the evolution of deformation and topography in 17 analogue experiments of passive margin development, to better understand the ongoing tec-tonics along the western margin of Afar, East Africa. The tectonic background that forms the basis for the experimental design is described in Zwaan et al. 2020a-d, and references therein. The ex-periments, in an enhanced gravity field in a large-capacity centrifuge, examined the influence of brittle layer thickness, strength contrast, syn-rift sedimentation and oblique extension on a brittle-viscous system with a strong and weak viscous domain.

All experiments were performed at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of the Istituto di Geoscience e Georisorse - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IGG) and of the Earth Sciences Department of the University of Florence (CNR/UF). The brittle layer (sand) thickness ranged between 6 and 20 mm, the underlying viscous layer, split in a competent and weak domain (both viscous mixtures), was always 10 mm thick. Asymmetric extension was achieved by removing a 1.5 mm thick spacer at the side of the model at every time step, allowing the analogue materials to spread when en-hanced gravity was applied during a centrifuge run.

Differential stretching of the viscous material creates flexure and faulting in the overlying brittle layer. Total extension amounted to 10.5 mm over 7 intervals for Series 1 models that aimed at un-derstanding generic passive margin development in a generic orthogonal extension setting, where-as up to 16.5 mm of extension was applied for the additional Series 2 models aiming to reproduce the tectonic phases in Afar. In models involving sedimentation, sand was filled in at time steps 2, 4 and 6 (i.e. after 3, 6 and 9 mm of extension). Detailed descriptions of the experiments, monitoring techniques and tectonic interpretation of the model results are presented in Zwaan et al. (2020a).

Authors

Zwaan, Frank;University of Florence, Florence, Italy;University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Corti, Giacomo;CNR Italian National Research Council, Italy
Keir, Derek;University of Southampton, Southampton, UK;University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Sani, Federico;University of Florence, Florence, Italy

Contact

Zwaan, Frank (Postdoc Researcher); University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; ➦
Corti, Giacomo; CNR Italian National Research Council, Italy;

Contributors

Tectonics Modelling Laboratory (IGG-CNR, Italy)

Funders

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung: Early Postdoc Mobility (P2BEP2_178523)
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung: PRIN2017 (2017P9AT72)

Keywords

EPOS, Analogue modelling results, multi-scale laboratories, Rifting, Passive margin, antiform, flexure/buckle, graben, normal fault, plateau, rift valley, deformation > ductile flow, deformation > folding, deformation > fracturing, geologic process, rifting, sedimentary process > deposition, tectonic process > continental_breakup > rifting, depression, tectonic and structural features, tectonic setting > extended terrane setting > continental rift setting, tectonic setting > plate margin setting > active continental margin setting, tectonic setting > plate spreading center setting, antiform, deformation > ductile flow, deformation > folding, deformation > fracturing, depression, flexure/buckle, geologic process, graben, graben, normal fault, plateau, rift valley, rifting, sedimentary process > deposition, tectonic and structural features, tectonic process > continental_breakup > rifting, tectonic setting > extended terrane setting > continental rift setting, tectonic setting > plate margin setting > active continental margin setting, tectonic setting > plate spreading center setting

GCMD Science Keywords

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        URL: http://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2020.020
        protocol
        CharacterString: WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
        name
        CharacterString: Data Access - DOI
        description
        CharacterString: Data Access - DOI
        function
        CI_OnLineFunctionCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeListValue=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode_information): information
  - dataQualityInfo
    - DQ_DataQuality
      - scope
        DQ_Scope
        level
        MD_ScopeCode (codeListValue=dataset codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/codeList.xml#MD_ScopeCode):
schema.org download