Velocity-dependent slip weakening by the combined operation of pressure solution and foliation development
Cite as:
Niemeijer, Andre (2018): Velocity-dependent slip weakening by the combined operation of pressure solution and foliation development. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/fid.2018.006
Status
I N R E V I E W : Niemeijer, Andre (2018): Velocity-dependent slip weakening by the combined operation of pressure solution and foliation development. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/fid.2018.006
Abstract
Phyllosilicate-bearing faults are characterized by an anastomosing foliation with intervening hard clasts and are believed to be long-term weak structures. Here, I present results of sliding experiments on gouges of 80 wt% quartz and 20 wt% muscovite, sheared under hydrothermal conditions at constant velocity. The results show that significant strengthening occurs over a narrow range of sliding velocities (0.03-1* m-6/s). At the lowest velocity investigated, weakness is achieved after a considerable sliding distance of over 20 mm with friction reaching a value of 0.3. Microstructural observations and the application of existing models point to the operation of frictional-viscous flow (FVF), through the serial operation of frictional sliding over a weak foliation and pressure solution of intervening clasts, resulting in low frictional strength and pronounced velocity-strengthening. At higher velocities, grain size reduction becomes dominant in a localized zone, which results in disruption of the foliation and the cessation of the FVF mechanism. In natural settings, earthquakes originating elsewhere on the fault would be rapidly arrested when encountering a foliated part of the fault deforming via FVF. Furthermore, pulses of elevated slip velocity would lead to grain size reduction which would destroy the foliation and cause a long-term strengthening of the fault.
Authors
Niemeijer, Andre;Utrecht University - Department of Earth Sciences
Contact
Niemeijer, Andre
(Assistant Professor); Utrecht University - Department of Earth Sciences; ➦
Contributors
Experimental rock deformation/HPT-Lab (Utrecht University, The Netherlands)
Funders
FP7 Ideas: European Research Council:
Seismic (335915)
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research:
Vidi (854.12.011)
Keywords
Friction, Hydrotherrmal, Foliation, Pressure solution, Quartz-muscovite, EPOS, European Plate Observing System, multi-scale laboratories, rock and melt physical properties, Electron Microprobe, Rotary Shear, Friction > Imposed Slip, Powder Mixture, quartz, Electron Microprobe, Friction > Imposed Slip, Powder Mixture, Rotary Shear, quartz
CharacterString: Phyllosilicate-bearing faults are characterized by an anastomosing foliation with intervening hard clasts and are believed to be long-term weak structures. Here, I present results of sliding experiments on gouges of 80 wt% quartz and 20 wt% muscovite, sheared under hydrothermal conditions at constant velocity. The results show that significant strengthening occurs over a narrow range of sliding velocities (0.03-1* m-6/s). At the lowest velocity investigated, weakness is achieved after a considerable sliding distance of over 20 mm with friction reaching a value of 0.3. Microstructural observations and the application of existing models point to the operation of frictional-viscous flow (FVF), through the serial operation of frictional sliding over a weak foliation and pressure solution of intervening clasts, resulting in low frictional strength and pronounced velocity-strengthening. At higher velocities, grain size reduction becomes dominant in a localized zone, which results in disruption of the foliation and the cessation of the FVF mechanism. In natural settings, earthquakes originating elsewhere on the fault would be rapidly arrested when encountering a foliated part of the fault deforming via FVF. Furthermore, pulses of elevated slip velocity would lead to grain size reduction which would destroy the foliation and cause a long-term strengthening of the fault.
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Abstract
;Utrecht University - Department of Earth Sciences
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