Survey for critical raw materials in Malawi East African Rift geothermal areas

Cite as:

Wilke, Franziska D. H.; Gondwe, Kondwani; Regenspurg, Simona; Zimmer, Martin; Strauch, Bettina; Stammeier, Jessica; Klose, Lukas; Kreitsmann, Timmu; Bau, Michael; Niedermann, Samuel (2025): Survey for critical raw materials in Malawi East African Rift geothermal areas. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.DMJQ.2025.001

Status

I N R E V I E W : Wilke, Franziska D. H.; Gondwe, Kondwani; Regenspurg, Simona; Zimmer, Martin; Strauch, Bettina; Stammeier, Jessica; Klose, Lukas; Kreitsmann, Timmu; Bau, Michael; Niedermann, Samuel (2025): Survey for critical raw materials in Malawi East African Rift geothermal areas. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.DMJQ.2025.001

Abstract

In autumn 2024, an expedition to Rwanda was undertaken within the framework of the research project “CRM-geothermal”. Within „CRM-geothermal“, we are looking for an environmentally friendly co-production of critical raw materials together with the provision of geothermal energy. In the EARS, high levels of rare earth elements (REE), Sr, Ba and Mg are expected in waters and solids in areas with alkaline volcanic rocks, while other critical elements, including helium, have been sought in other localities. The eastern and western branches of the EARS host juvenile sectors with promising geothermal potential related to hot fluids migrating along permeable faults.

The expedition began in the Virunga Volcanic Province in north-western Rwanda and continued all along Lake Kivu to Kamembe Further, along the Nyakabuye-Ruhwa Valley, in the area of Bugarama, Ruhwa and Mashyuza, gas, water, rock and sediment associated with natural hot springs but also cold springs were collected. On site, physical and chemical parameters were measured in-situ and documented together with the geology, infrastructure and domestic use of the hot site. At Ruhwa borehole, southern Rwanda, the hot water (66°C) emerges as an artesian spring at the surface. Drilling sites for geothermal water and energy extraction in Karisimbi were not visited because no economically viable geothermal system was found. Gisenyi and Bugarama are in the focus of the authorities, but funding for drilling at these sites was not yet achieved. We visited these sites to monitor the physicochemical parameters and to highlight the importance of their usage.

Authors

Wilke, Franziska D. H.;GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
Gondwe, Kondwani;Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi
Regenspurg, Simona;GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
Zimmer, Martin;GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
Strauch, Bettina;GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
Stammeier, Jessica;GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
Klose, Lukas;Constructor University, Bremen, Germany
Kreitsmann, Timmu;University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Bau, Michael;Constructor University, Bremen, Germany
Niedermann, Samuel;GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany

Contact

Wilke, Franziska D. H. (Head of microprobe labs); GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany;

Contributors

Elements and Minerals of the Earth Laboratory (ElMiE Lab, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Germany); Microprobe Lab (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Germany); Gas Geochemistry Lab (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Germany); Noble Gas Lab (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Germany)

Funders

Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ: expedition fund (X-031-22-01)

Keywords

critical raw materials, geothermal fluids, east african rift system

GCMD Science Keywords

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