Released
Dataset

Experimental adsorption parameters of boron isotopes on clay minerals

Cite as:

Ring, Simon J.; Henehan, Michael J.; Blukis, Roberts; von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm (2024): Experimental adsorption parameters of boron isotopes on clay minerals. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.3.3.2024.003

Status

I   N       R   E   V   I   E   W : Ring, Simon J.; Henehan, Michael J.; Blukis, Roberts; von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm (2024): Experimental adsorption parameters of boron isotopes on clay minerals. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.3.3.2024.003

Abstract

Adsorption and isotopic fractionation of boron on clastic sediment is one process responsible for the heavy boron isotopic composition of the modern ocean. However, the mechanism by which boron complexes to the surface of clay minerals and the cause of its isotopic fractionation are still unclear. We performed two sets of experiments, using solutions of pure water with added boron and seawater, to explore the isotope behavior during adsorption of boron onto kaolinite, smectite and illite. The dataset consists of an excel file with four sheets that store (1) the NIST RM 803 measurements we used to establish the long-term reproducibility of our isotope measurements, (2) results of our pure experiment, (3) results of our seawater experiments and (4) a global compilation of XRD-based riverine clay mineral assemblages.

Authors

  • Ring, Simon J.;GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany;Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  • Henehan, Michael J.;GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany;School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
  • Blukis, Roberts;Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung (IKZ), Berlin, Germany
  • von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm;GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany;Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Contact

  • Ring, Simon J. (PhD student); GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany;

Contributors

HELGES – Helmholtz-Laboratory for the Geochemistry of the Earth Surface

    Funders

  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft  (455982777)  

Keywords

surface complexation model, clay, boron isotopes, boron adsorption, compound material > sedimentary material > sediment > clastic sediment > mud > clay, physicochemical process > sorption > adsorption, The Present

GCMD Science Keywords

More Metadata

  • datacite: download xml
    • resource (xsi:schemaLocation=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 http://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4.3/metadata.xsd)
      • identifier (identifierType=DOI): 10.5880/GFZ.3.3.2024.003
      • creators
        • creator
          • creatorName (nameType=Personal): Ring, Simon J.
          • givenName: Simon J.
          • familyName: Ring
          • nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0002-2645-185X
          • affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
          • affiliation: Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
        • creator
          • creatorName (nameType=Personal): Henehan, Michael J.
          • givenName: Michael J.
          • familyName: Henehan
          • nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0003-4706-1233
          • affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
          • affiliation: School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
        • creator
          • creatorName (nameType=Personal): Blukis, Roberts
          • givenName: Roberts
          • familyName: Blukis
          • nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0003-2999-0784
          • affiliation: Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung (IKZ), Berlin, Germany
        • creator
          • creatorName (nameType=Personal): von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm
          • givenName: Friedhelm
          • familyName: von Blanckenburg
          • nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0002-2964-717X
          • affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
          • affiliation: Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
      • titles
        • title: Experimental adsorption parameters of boron isotopes on clay minerals
      • publisher: GFZ Data Services
      • publicationYear: 2024
      • subjects
        • subject: surface complexation model
        • subject: clay
        • subject: boron isotopes
        • subject: boron adsorption
        • subject (subjectScheme=CGI Simple Lithology): compound material > sedimentary material > sediment > clastic sediment > mud > clay
        • subject (subjectScheme=NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords): EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SUSPENDED SOLIDS
        • subject (subjectScheme=NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords): EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > SURFACE WATER > SURFACE WATER CHEMISTRY
        • subject (subjectScheme=GCMD Instruments): In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Spectrometers/Radiometers > MC-ICP-MS
        • subject (subjectScheme=GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0): physicochemical process > sorption > adsorption
        • subject (subjectScheme=International Chronostratigraphic Chart (2014)): The Present
      • contributors
        • contributor (contributorType=ContactPerson)
          • contributorName (nameType=Personal): Ring, Simon J.
          • givenName: Simon J.
          • familyName: Ring
          • nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0002-2645-185X
          • affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
          • affiliation: Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
        • contributor (contributorType=DataCollector)
          • contributorName (nameType=Personal): Ring, Simon J.
          • givenName: Simon J.
          • familyName: Ring
          • nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0002-2645-185X
          • affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
          • affiliation: Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
        • contributor (contributorType=Researcher)
          • contributorName (nameType=Personal): Ring, Simon J.
          • givenName: Simon J.
          • familyName: Ring
          • nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0002-2645-185X
          • affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
          • affiliation: Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
        • contributor (contributorType=DataCollector)
          • contributorName (nameType=Personal): Henehan, Michael J.
          • givenName: Michael J.
          • familyName: Henehan
          • nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0003-4706-1233
          • affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
          • affiliation: School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
        • contributor (contributorType=Researcher)
          • contributorName (nameType=Personal): Henehan, Michael J.
          • givenName: Michael J.
          • familyName: Henehan
          • nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0003-4706-1233
          • affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
          • affiliation: School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
        • contributor (contributorType=Supervisor)
          • contributorName (nameType=Personal): Henehan, Michael J.
          • givenName: Michael J.
          • familyName: Henehan
          • nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0003-4706-1233
          • affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
          • affiliation: School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
        • contributor (contributorType=Researcher)
          • contributorName (nameType=Personal): Blukis, Roberts
          • givenName: Roberts
          • familyName: Blukis
          • nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0003-2999-0784
          • affiliation: Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung (IKZ), Berlin, Germany
        • contributor (contributorType=Supervisor)
          • contributorName (nameType=Personal): Blukis, Roberts
          • givenName: Roberts
          • familyName: Blukis
          • nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0003-2999-0784
          • affiliation: Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung (IKZ), Berlin, Germany
        • contributor (contributorType=Supervisor)
          • contributorName (nameType=Personal): von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm
          • givenName: Friedhelm
          • familyName: von Blanckenburg
          • nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0002-2964-717X
          • affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
          • affiliation: Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
        • contributor (contributorType=HostingInstitution)
          • contributorName: HELGES – Helmholtz-Laboratory for the Geochemistry of the Earth Surface
          • affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
        • contributor (contributorType=ContactPerson)
          • contributorName: Ring, Simon J.
          • affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
      • resourceType (resourceTypeGeneral=Dataset): Dataset
      • relatedIdentifiers
        • relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsSupplementTo): to be updated
        • relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=Cites): 10.1346/CCMN.1981.0290305
        • relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=Cites): 10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00114-6
        • relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=Cites): 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.05.039
        • relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=Cites): 10.1346/CCMN.1985.0330509
        • relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=Cites): 10.1016/0016-7037(87)90285-7
      • sizes: 
      • formats: 
      • rightsList
        • rights (rightsURI=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/): CC BY 4.0
      • descriptions
        • description (descriptionType=Abstract)
          • br: 
          • br: 
      • fundingReferences
        • fundingReference
          • funderName: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
          • funderIdentifier (funderIdentifierType=ISNI): 0000 0001 2096 9829
          • awardNumber: 455982777
  • iso19115: download xml
    • MD_Metadata (xsi:schemaLocation=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd/gmd.xsd)
      • fileIdentifier
        • CharacterString: 10.5880/GFZ.3.3.2024.003
      • language
        • LanguageCode (codeList=http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/ codeListValue=eng): eng
      • characterSet
        • MD_CharacterSetCode (codeListValue=utf8 codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/codeList.xml#MD_CharacterSetCode): 
      • hierarchyLevel
        • MD_ScopeCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode codeListValue=dataset): dataset
      • hierarchyLevelName
        • CharacterString: 
      • contact
        • CI_ResponsibleParty
          • organisationName
            • CharacterString: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
          • contactInfo
            • CI_Contact
              • address
                • CI_Address
                  • electronicMailAddress
                    • CharacterString: datapub(_at_)gfz-potsdam.de
              • onlineResource
                • CI_OnlineResource
                  • linkage
                    • URL: http://www.gfz-potsdam.de
                  • name
                    • CharacterString: Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
                  • description
                    • CharacterString: Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
          • role
            • CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=pointOfContact): pointOfContact
      • dateStamp
        • Date: 2024-08-12
      • referenceSystemInfo
        • MD_ReferenceSystem
          • referenceSystemIdentifier
            • RS_Identifier
              • code
                • CharacterString: urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG:4326
      • identificationInfo
        • MD_DataIdentification
          • citation
            • CI_Citation
              • title
                • CharacterString: Experimental adsorption parameters of boron isotopes on clay minerals
              • date
                • CI_Date
                  • date
                    • Date: 2024-08-12
                  • dateType
                    • CI_DateTypeCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode codeListValue=revision): revision
              • identifier
                • MD_Identifier
                  • code
                    • CharacterString: doi:10.5880/GFZ.3.3.2024.003
              • citedResponsibleParty (xlink:href=http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2645-185X)
                • CI_ResponsibleParty
                  • individualName
                    • CharacterString: Ring, Simon J.
                  • organisationName
                    • CharacterString: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
                  • role
                    • CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=author): author
              • citedResponsibleParty (xlink:href=http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4706-1233)
                • CI_ResponsibleParty
                  • individualName
                    • CharacterString: Henehan, Michael J.
                  • organisationName
                    • CharacterString: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
                  • role
                    • CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=author): author
              • citedResponsibleParty (xlink:href=http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2999-0784)
                • CI_ResponsibleParty
                  • individualName
                    • CharacterString: Blukis, Roberts
                  • organisationName
                    • CharacterString: Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung (IKZ), Berlin, Germany
                  • role
                    • CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=author): author
              • citedResponsibleParty (xlink:href=http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2964-717X)
                • CI_ResponsibleParty
                  • individualName
                    • CharacterString: von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm
                  • organisationName
                    • CharacterString: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
                  • role
                    • CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=author): author
              • citedResponsibleParty
                • CI_ResponsibleParty
                  • individualName
                    • CharacterString: HELGES – Helmholtz-Laboratory for the Geochemistry of the Earth Surface
                  • organisationName
                    • CharacterString: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
                  • role
                    • CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=originator): originator
              • citedResponsibleParty
                • CI_ResponsibleParty
                  • organisationName
                    • CharacterString: GFZ Data Services
                  • role
                    • CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=publisher): publisher
          • abstract
            • CharacterString: Adsorption and isotopic fractionation of boron on clastic sediment is one process responsible for the heavy boron isotopic composition of the modern ocean. However, the mechanism by which boron complexes to the surface of clay minerals and the cause of its isotopic fractionation are still unclear. We performed two sets of experiments, using solutions of pure water with added boron and seawater, to explore the isotope behavior during adsorption of boron onto kaolinite, smectite and illite. The dataset consists of an excel file with four sheets that store (1) the NIST RM 803 measurements we used to establish the long-term reproducibility of our isotope measurements, (2) results of our pure experiment, (3) results of our seawater experiments and (4) a global compilation of XRD-based riverine clay mineral assemblages.
          • pointOfContact
            • CI_ResponsibleParty
              • individualName
                • CharacterString: Ring, Simon J.
              • organisationName
                • CharacterString: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
              • positionName
                • CharacterString: PhD student
              • contactInfo
                • CI_Contact
                  • address
                    • CI_Address
                      • electronicMailAddress
                        • CharacterString: simon.ring(_at_)gfz-potsdam.de
              • role
                • CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=pointOfContact): pointOfContact
          • descriptiveKeywords
            • MD_Keywords
              • keyword
                • CharacterString: surface complexation model
              • keyword
                • CharacterString: clay
              • keyword
                • CharacterString: boron isotopes
              • keyword
                • CharacterString: boron adsorption
          • descriptiveKeywords
            • MD_Keywords
              • keyword
                • CharacterString: compound material > sedimentary material > sediment > clastic sediment > mud > clay
              • thesaurusName
                • CI_Citation
                  • title
                    • CharacterString: CGI Simple Lithology
                  • date
                    • CI_Date
                      • date (gco:nilReason=missing): 
                      • dateType
                        • CI_DateTypeCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode codeListValue=publication): publication
          • descriptiveKeywords
            • MD_Keywords
              • keyword
                • CharacterString: EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > SUSPENDED SOLIDS
              • keyword
                • CharacterString: EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > SURFACE WATER > SURFACE WATER CHEMISTRY
              • thesaurusName
                • CI_Citation
                  • title
                    • CharacterString: NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
                  • date
                    • CI_Date
                      • date (gco:nilReason=missing): 
                      • dateType
                        • CI_DateTypeCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode codeListValue=publication): publication
          • descriptiveKeywords
            • MD_Keywords
              • keyword
                • CharacterString: In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Spectrometers/Radiometers > MC-ICP-MS
              • thesaurusName
                • CI_Citation
                  • title
                    • CharacterString: GCMD Instruments
                  • date
                    • CI_Date
                      • date (gco:nilReason=missing): 
                      • dateType
                        • CI_DateTypeCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode codeListValue=publication): publication
          • descriptiveKeywords
            • MD_Keywords
              • keyword
                • CharacterString: physicochemical process > sorption > adsorption
              • thesaurusName
                • CI_Citation
                  • title
                    • CharacterString: GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0
                  • date
                    • CI_Date
                      • date (gco:nilReason=missing): 
                      • dateType
                        • CI_DateTypeCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode codeListValue=publication): publication
          • descriptiveKeywords
            • MD_Keywords
              • keyword
                • CharacterString: The Present
              • thesaurusName
                • CI_Citation
                  • title
                    • CharacterString: International Chronostratigraphic Chart (2014)
                  • date
                    • CI_Date
                      • date (gco:nilReason=missing): 
                      • dateType
                        • CI_DateTypeCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode codeListValue=publication): publication
          • resourceConstraints (xlink:href=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
            • MD_Constraints
              • useLimitation
                • CharacterString: CC BY 4.0
          • resourceConstraints
            • MD_LegalConstraints
              • accessConstraints
                • MD_RestrictionCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/codeList.xml#MD_RestrictionCode codeListValue=otherRestrictions): 
              • otherConstraints
                • CharacterString: CC BY 4.0
          • resourceConstraints
            • MD_SecurityConstraints
              • classification
                • MD_ClassificationCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/codeList.xml#MD_ClassificationCode codeListValue=unclassified): 
          • aggregationInfo
            • MD_AggregateInformation
              • aggregateDataSetIdentifier
                • RS_Identifier
                  • code
                    • CharacterString: to be updated
                  • codeSpace
                    • CharacterString: DOI
              • associationType
                • DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsSupplementTo): IsSupplementTo
          • aggregationInfo
            • MD_AggregateInformation
              • aggregateDataSetIdentifier
                • RS_Identifier
                  • code
                    • CharacterString: 10.1346/CCMN.1981.0290305
                  • codeSpace
                    • CharacterString: DOI
              • associationType
                • DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=Cites): Cites
          • aggregationInfo
            • MD_AggregateInformation
              • aggregateDataSetIdentifier
                • RS_Identifier
                  • code
                    • CharacterString: 10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00114-6
                  • codeSpace
                    • CharacterString: DOI
              • associationType
                • DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=Cites): Cites
          • aggregationInfo
            • MD_AggregateInformation
              • aggregateDataSetIdentifier
                • RS_Identifier
                  • code
                    • CharacterString: 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.05.039
                  • codeSpace
                    • CharacterString: DOI
              • associationType
                • DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=Cites): Cites
          • aggregationInfo
            • MD_AggregateInformation
              • aggregateDataSetIdentifier
                • RS_Identifier
                  • code
                    • CharacterString: 10.1346/CCMN.1985.0330509
                  • codeSpace
                    • CharacterString: DOI
              • associationType
                • DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=Cites): Cites
          • aggregationInfo
            • MD_AggregateInformation
              • aggregateDataSetIdentifier
                • RS_Identifier
                  • code
                    • CharacterString: 10.1016/0016-7037(87)90285-7
                  • codeSpace
                    • CharacterString: DOI
              • associationType
                • DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=Cites): Cites
          • language
            • CharacterString: eng
          • characterSet
            • MD_CharacterSetCode (codeListValue=utf8 codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/codeList.xml#MD_CharacterSetCode): 
          • topicCategory
            • MD_TopicCategoryCode: geoscientificInformation
      • distributionInfo
        • MD_Distribution
          • transferOptions
            • MD_DigitalTransferOptions
              • onLine
                • CI_OnlineResource
                  • linkage
                    • URL: http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.3.3.2024.003
                  • protocol
                    • CharacterString: WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                  • name
                    • CharacterString: Data Access - DOI
                  • description
                    • CharacterString: Data Access - DOI
                  • function
                    • CI_OnLineFunctionCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeListValue=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode_information): information
      • dataQualityInfo
        • DQ_DataQuality
          • scope
            • DQ_Scope
              • level
                • MD_ScopeCode (codeListValue=dataset codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/codeList.xml#MD_ScopeCode): 
  • schema.org download

Files

License: CC BY 4.0

Dataset Description

Supplement to