Released
Dataset

Hydrochemical analysis thermal water Balmatt, Belgium

Cite as:

Hehn, Vera; Iannotta, Joy (2022): Hydrochemical analysis thermal water Balmatt, Belgium. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.8.2022.004

Status

I   N       R   E   V   I   E   W : Hehn, Vera; Iannotta, Joy (2022): Hydrochemical analysis thermal water Balmatt, Belgium. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.8.2022.004

Abstract

The main objective of the work package 2 of the REFLECT project is to characterise relevant fluid properties and their reactions for saline fluids (type C). One of the specific goals was to collect fluid samples from several saline fluids from geothermal sites across Europe, determine their properties, and thus contribute to the Fluid Atlas (WP3). Additionally, the REFLECT team will compare those field data with data from lab experiments performed at near natural conditions.

Samples of type C fluids were taken from several sites in Germany, Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands. The samples were analysed for major and minor ions, dissolved gases and isotopes.

One sample of thermal water was taken from the production well at Balmatt, Belgium on May 17th 2021 and sent to Hydroisotop for analysis of main cations and anions and heavy metals. It can be seen that the nitrate content is remarkably high. However, all meaurements had to be conducted from the same sample bottle, which had been acidified, presumably with HNO3 which can be expected to be the source of the high nitrate content.

The dataset contains analysis results associated with the research project REFLECT. It is a comma separated file (csv) containing the following columns: Location,Country,Description,Laboratory (Lab.),Lab. No.,Sampling date,Sodium (mg/l),Potassium (mg/l),Calcium (mg/l),Magnesium (mg/l),Chloride (mg/l),Sulphate (mg/l),Nitrate (mg/l),Antimony (mg/l),Barium (mg/l),Iodide (mg/l),Lithium (mg/l),Silicon (mg/l),Strontium (mg/l),Aluminium (mg/l),Arsenic (mg/l),Lead (mg/l),Iron total (mg/l),Copper (mg/l),Manganese total (mg/l),Nickel (mg/l),Uranium (mg/l),Zinc (mg/l)

Methods are described in the accompanying deliverable Fluid data of geothermal sites (type C).

Additional Information

Project summary: The efficiency of geothermal utilisation largely depends on the behaviour of fluids that transfer heat between the geosphere and the engineered components of a power plant. The Horizon 2020 funded project REFLECT aims to avoid problems related to fluid chemistry rather than treat them. Fluid physical and chemical properties are often poorly defined, as in situ sampling and measurements at extreme conditions have proved difficult to date. Therefore, large uncertainties in current model predictions prevail, which are being tackled in REFLECT by collecting new, high-quality data in critical areas. The data is being implemented in a European geothermal fluid atlas and in predictive models to allow recommendations on how to best operate geothermal sites sustainably and to enhance geothermal technology development. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement nº 850626. Project website: https://www.reflect-h2020.eu/ Cordis website: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/850626/de

Authors

  • Hehn, Vera;Hydroisotop GmbH, Schweitenkirchen, Germany
  • Iannotta, Joy;Hydroisotop GmbH, Schweitenkirchen, Germany

Contact

  • Hehn (Vera); Hydroisotop GmbH, Schweitenkirchen, Germany;
  • Kieling (Katrin); GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany;

Contributors

Hydroisotop GmbH; Salah, Sonia; Laenen, Ben; Lagrou, David; Hehn; Kieling

    Funders

  • Horizon 2020 Framework Programme: Reflect  (850626)  

Keywords

geothermal, hydrothermal, REFLECT, Redefining geothermal fluid properties at extreme conditions to optimize future geothermal energy extraction

GCMD Science Keywords

More Metadata

  • datacite: download xml
    • resource (xsi:schemaLocation=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 http://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4.3/metadata.xsd)
      • identifier (identifierType=DOI): 10.5880/GFZ.4.8.2022.004
      • creators
        • creator
          • creatorName (nameType=Personal): Hehn, Vera
          • givenName: Vera
          • familyName: Hehn
          • affiliation: Hydroisotop GmbH, Schweitenkirchen, Germany
        • creator
          • creatorName (nameType=Personal): Iannotta, Joy
          • givenName: Joy
          • familyName: Iannotta
          • nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0002-1011-2650
          • affiliation: Hydroisotop GmbH, Schweitenkirchen, Germany
      • titles
        • title: Hydrochemical analysis thermal water Balmatt, Belgium
      • publisher: GFZ Data Services
      • publicationYear: 2022
      • subjects
        • subject: geothermal
        • subject: hydrothermal
        • subject: REFLECT
        • subject: Redefining geothermal fluid properties at extreme conditions to optimize future geothermal energy extraction
        • subject (subjectScheme=NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords): EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY > GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES > CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS
        • subject (subjectScheme=NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords): EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOTHERMAL DYNAMICS > GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
        • subject (subjectScheme=NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords): EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GROUND WATER > GROUNDWATER CHEMISTRY
      • contributors
        • contributor (contributorType=ContactPerson)
          • contributorName (nameType=Personal): Hehn, Vera
          • givenName: Vera
          • familyName: Hehn
          • affiliation: Hydroisotop GmbH, Schweitenkirchen, Germany
        • contributor (contributorType=ProjectMember)
          • contributorName (nameType=Personal): Hehn, Vera
          • givenName: Vera
          • familyName: Hehn
          • affiliation: Hydroisotop GmbH, Schweitenkirchen, Germany
        • contributor (contributorType=ProjectManager)
          • contributorName (nameType=Personal): Iannotta, Joy
          • givenName: Joy
          • familyName: Iannotta
          • nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0002-1011-2650
          • affiliation: Hydroisotop GmbH, Schweitenkirchen, Germany
        • contributor (contributorType=HostingInstitution)
          • contributorName: Hydroisotop GmbH
          • affiliation: Hydroisotop GmbH, Schweitenkirchen, Germany
        • contributor (contributorType=ProjectMember)
          • contributorName (nameType=Personal): Salah, Sonia
          • givenName: Sonia
          • familyName: Salah
          • affiliation: SCK CEN: Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Mol Belgium
        • contributor (contributorType=ProjectMember)
          • contributorName (nameType=Personal): Laenen, Ben
          • givenName: Ben
          • familyName: Laenen
          • nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0002-3823-2443
          • affiliation: Flemish Institute for Technological Research NV, Mol, Belgium
        • contributor (contributorType=ProjectMember)
          • contributorName (nameType=Personal): Lagrou, David
          • givenName: David
          • familyName: Lagrou
          • nameIdentifier (nameIdentifierScheme=ORCID): 0000-0003-1831-9119
          • affiliation: Flemish Institute for Technological Research NV, Mol
        • contributor (contributorType=ContactPerson)
          • contributorName: Hehn
          • affiliation: Hydroisotop GmbH, Schweitenkirchen, Germany
        • contributor (contributorType=ContactPerson)
          • contributorName: Kieling
          • affiliation: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
      • dates
        • date (dateType=Collected): 2021-05-17/2021-05-17
      • resourceType (resourceTypeGeneral=Dataset): Dataset
      • relatedIdentifiers
        • relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=DOI relationType=IsDocumentedBy): 10.48440/gfz.4.8.2021.005
        • relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=URL relationType=References): https://www.reflect-h2020.eu/
        • relatedIdentifier (relatedIdentifierType=URL relationType=References): https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/850626/de
      • sizes: 
      • formats: 
      • rightsList
        • rights (rightsURI=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/): CC BY 4.0
      • descriptions
        • description (descriptionType=Abstract)
          • br: 
          • br: 
          • br: 
          • br: 
          • br: 
          • br: 
          • br: 
          • br: 
          • br: 
        • description (descriptionType=Other)
          • br: 
      • geoLocations
        • geoLocation
          • geoLocationPlace: Location of well MOL-GT-01-S1
      • fundingReferences
        • fundingReference
          • funderName: Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
          • funderIdentifier (funderIdentifierType=Crossref Funder ID): http://doi.org/10.13039/100010661
          • awardNumber: 850626
          • awardTitle: Reflect
  • iso19115: download xml
    • MD_Metadata (xsi:schemaLocation=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd/gmd.xsd)
      • fileIdentifier
        • CharacterString: 10.5880/GFZ.4.8.2022.004
      • language
        • LanguageCode (codeList=http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/ codeListValue=eng): eng
      • characterSet
        • MD_CharacterSetCode (codeListValue=utf8 codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/codeList.xml#MD_CharacterSetCode): 
      • hierarchyLevel
        • MD_ScopeCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode codeListValue=dataset): dataset
      • hierarchyLevelName
        • CharacterString: 
      • contact
        • CI_ResponsibleParty
          • organisationName
            • CharacterString: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
          • contactInfo
            • CI_Contact
              • address
                • CI_Address
                  • electronicMailAddress
                    • CharacterString: datapub(_at_)gfz-potsdam.de
              • onlineResource
                • CI_OnlineResource
                  • linkage
                    • URL: http://www.gfz-potsdam.de
                  • name
                    • CharacterString: Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
                  • description
                    • CharacterString: Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
          • role
            • CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=pointOfContact): pointOfContact
      • dateStamp
        • Date: 2023-02-09
      • referenceSystemInfo
        • MD_ReferenceSystem
          • referenceSystemIdentifier
            • RS_Identifier
              • code
                • CharacterString: urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG:4326
      • identificationInfo
        • MD_DataIdentification
          • citation
            • CI_Citation
              • title
                • CharacterString: Hydrochemical analysis thermal water Balmatt, Belgium
              • date
                • CI_Date
                  • date
                    • Date: 2023-02-09
                  • dateType
                    • CI_DateTypeCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode codeListValue=revision): revision
              • identifier
                • MD_Identifier
                  • code
                    • CharacterString: doi:10.5880/GFZ.4.8.2022.004
              • citedResponsibleParty
                • CI_ResponsibleParty
                  • individualName
                    • CharacterString: Hehn, Vera
                  • organisationName
                    • CharacterString: Hydroisotop GmbH, Schweitenkirchen, Germany
                  • role
                    • CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=author): author
              • citedResponsibleParty (xlink:href=http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1011-2650)
                • CI_ResponsibleParty
                  • individualName
                    • CharacterString: Iannotta, Joy
                  • organisationName
                    • CharacterString: Hydroisotop GmbH, Schweitenkirchen, Germany
                  • role
                    • CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=author): author
              • citedResponsibleParty
                • CI_ResponsibleParty
                  • individualName
                    • CharacterString: Hydroisotop GmbH
                  • organisationName
                    • CharacterString: Hydroisotop GmbH, Schweitenkirchen, Germany
                  • role
                    • CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=originator): originator
              • citedResponsibleParty
                • CI_ResponsibleParty
                  • organisationName
                    • CharacterString: GFZ Data Services
                  • role
                    • CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=publisher): publisher
          • abstract
            • CharacterString: The main objective of the work package 2 of the REFLECT project is to characterise relevant fluid properties and their reactions for saline fluids (type C). One of the specific goals was to collect fluid samples from several saline fluids from geothermal sites across Europe, determine their properties, and thus contribute to the Fluid Atlas (WP3). Additionally, the REFLECT team will compare those field data with data from lab experiments performed at near natural conditions. Samples of type C fluids were taken from several sites in Germany, Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands. The samples were analysed for major and minor ions, dissolved gases and isotopes. One sample of thermal water was taken from the production well at Balmatt, Belgium on May 17th 2021 and sent to Hydroisotop for analysis of main cations and anions and heavy metals. It can be seen that the nitrate content is remarkably high. However, all meaurements had to be conducted from the same sample bottle, which had been acidified, presumably with HNO3 which can be expected to be the source of the high nitrate content. The dataset contains analysis results associated with the research project REFLECT. It is a comma separated file (csv) containing the following columns: Location,Country,Description,Laboratory (Lab.),Lab. No.,Sampling date,Sodium (mg/l),Potassium (mg/l),Calcium (mg/l),Magnesium (mg/l),Chloride (mg/l),Sulphate (mg/l),Nitrate (mg/l),Antimony (mg/l),Barium (mg/l),Iodide (mg/l),Lithium (mg/l),Silicon (mg/l),Strontium (mg/l),Aluminium (mg/l),Arsenic (mg/l),Lead (mg/l),Iron total (mg/l),Copper (mg/l),Manganese total (mg/l),Nickel (mg/l),Uranium (mg/l),Zinc (mg/l) Methods are described in the accompanying deliverable Fluid data of geothermal sites (type C).
          • pointOfContact
            • CI_ResponsibleParty
              • individualName
                • CharacterString: Hehn
              • organisationName
                • CharacterString: Hydroisotop GmbH, Schweitenkirchen, Germany
              • positionName
                • CharacterString: Vera
              • contactInfo
                • CI_Contact
                  • address
                    • CI_Address
                      • electronicMailAddress
                        • CharacterString: vh(_at_)hydroisotop.de
                  • onlineResource
                    • CI_OnlineResource
                      • linkage
                        • URL: www.hydroisotop.de
                      • function
                        • CI_OnLineFunctionCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeListValue=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode_information): informtion
              • role
                • CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=pointOfContact): pointOfContact
          • pointOfContact
            • CI_ResponsibleParty
              • individualName
                • CharacterString: Kieling
              • organisationName
                • CharacterString: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
              • positionName
                • CharacterString: Katrin
              • contactInfo
                • CI_Contact
                  • address
                    • CI_Address
                      • electronicMailAddress
                        • CharacterString: katrin.kieling(_at_)gfz-potsdam.de
                  • onlineResource
                    • CI_OnlineResource
                      • linkage
                        • URL: gfz-potsdam.de
                      • function
                        • CI_OnLineFunctionCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeListValue=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode_information): informtion
              • role
                • CI_RoleCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode codeListValue=pointOfContact): pointOfContact
          • descriptiveKeywords
            • MD_Keywords
              • keyword
                • CharacterString: geothermal
              • keyword
                • CharacterString: hydrothermal
              • keyword
                • CharacterString: REFLECT
              • keyword
                • CharacterString: Redefining geothermal fluid properties at extreme conditions to optimize future geothermal energy extraction
          • descriptiveKeywords
            • MD_Keywords
              • keyword
                • CharacterString: EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY > GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES > CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS
              • keyword
                • CharacterString: EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOTHERMAL DYNAMICS > GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
              • keyword
                • CharacterString: EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > GROUND WATER > GROUNDWATER CHEMISTRY
              • thesaurusName
                • CI_Citation
                  • title
                    • CharacterString: NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
                  • date
                    • CI_Date
                      • date (gco:nilReason=missing): 
                      • dateType
                        • CI_DateTypeCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode codeListValue=publication): publication
          • resourceConstraints (xlink:href=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
            • MD_Constraints
              • useLimitation
                • CharacterString: CC BY 4.0
          • resourceConstraints
            • MD_LegalConstraints
              • accessConstraints
                • MD_RestrictionCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/codeList.xml#MD_RestrictionCode codeListValue=otherRestrictions): 
              • otherConstraints
                • CharacterString: CC BY 4.0
          • resourceConstraints
            • MD_SecurityConstraints
              • classification
                • MD_ClassificationCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/codeList.xml#MD_ClassificationCode codeListValue=unclassified): 
          • aggregationInfo
            • MD_AggregateInformation
              • aggregateDataSetIdentifier
                • RS_Identifier
                  • code
                    • CharacterString: 10.48440/gfz.4.8.2021.005
                  • codeSpace
                    • CharacterString: DOI
              • associationType
                • DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=IsDocumentedBy): IsDocumentedBy
          • aggregationInfo
            • MD_AggregateInformation
              • aggregateDataSetIdentifier
                • RS_Identifier
                  • code
                    • CharacterString: https://www.reflect-h2020.eu/
                  • codeSpace
                    • CharacterString: URL
              • associationType
                • DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=References): References
          • aggregationInfo
            • MD_AggregateInformation
              • aggregateDataSetIdentifier
                • RS_Identifier
                  • code
                    • CharacterString: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/850626/de
                  • codeSpace
                    • CharacterString: URL
              • associationType
                • DS_AssociationTypeCode (codeList=http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 codeListValue=References): References
          • language
            • CharacterString: eng
          • characterSet
            • MD_CharacterSetCode (codeListValue=utf8 codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/codeList.xml#MD_CharacterSetCode): 
          • topicCategory
            • MD_TopicCategoryCode: geoscientificInformation
          • extent
            • EX_Extent
              • description
                • CharacterString: Location of well MOL-GT-01-S1
              • geographicElement
                • EX_GeographicBoundingBox
                  • westBoundLongitude
                    • Decimal: 5.11001
                  • eastBoundLongitude
                    • Decimal: 5.11001
                  • southBoundLatitude
                    • Decimal: 51.2243
                  • northBoundLatitude
                    • Decimal: 51.2243
      • distributionInfo
        • MD_Distribution
          • transferOptions
            • MD_DigitalTransferOptions
              • onLine
                • CI_OnlineResource
                  • linkage
                    • URL: http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.8.2022.004
                  • protocol
                    • CharacterString: WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                  • name
                    • CharacterString: Data Access - DOI
                  • description
                    • CharacterString: Data Access - DOI
                  • function
                    • CI_OnLineFunctionCode (codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeListValue=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode_information): information
      • dataQualityInfo
        • DQ_DataQuality
          • scope
            • DQ_Scope
              • level
                • MD_ScopeCode (codeListValue=dataset codeList=http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/codeList.xml#MD_ScopeCode): 
  • schema.org download

Location

Please, click on markers, line , bounding boxes or the list below to see related details in popup.
To explore to full geographic extent of the map please click and drag the map.

    Files

    License: CC BY 4.0

    Dataset Description

    Documented by