Host Rock Variability Powers the Diversity of Steam-Driven Eruptions

Cite as:

Montanaro, Cristian; Cronin, Shane J.; Scheu , Bettina Scheu; Kennedy, Ben; Scott, Bradley J.; Dingwell, Donald B. (2020): Host Rock Variability Powers the Diversity of Steam-Driven Eruptions. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2020.046

Status

I N R E V I E W : Montanaro, Cristian; Cronin, Shane J.; Scheu , Bettina Scheu; Kennedy, Ben; Scott, Bradley J.; Dingwell, Donald B. (2020): Host Rock Variability Powers the Diversity of Steam-Driven Eruptions. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2020.046

Abstract

Steam-driven eruptions are explosions that frequently occur in volcanic and geothermal areas. They are powered by the sudden release and expansion of steam and liquid water trapped under high pressure within the pore spaces of host rocks. We have experimentally studied how the strength of rock hosting steam and liquid controls the nature of explosions based on examples from Lake Okaro (New Zealand). Specifically, we used experiments to estimate the relative amounts of energy that goes into breaking rock up, versus that required for ejecting particles upwards and outwards. Here we report the main methodological approach and results of petrophysical properties analyses, decompression experiments and estimation of explosivity of water, respectively.

Methods

Porosity and permeability
Here the detailed methods are described for measuring porosity – derived from the pore volume measured with a helium pycnometer – and permeability by using a nitrogen gas permeameter.

Decompression experiments
Here detailed device and methods are described for decompression experiments including specifics on the shock tube apparatus, as well as on the determination of fragmentation and ejection velocities, and the size distributions of experimentally-fragmented material.

Explosivity of gas and water
Here are described theoretical basis of reversible and irreversible thermodynamic approaches that were used to estimate of the involved explosive energy for the different experimental conditions.

Authors

Montanaro, Cristian;Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
Cronin, Shane J.;University of Auckland
Scheu , Bettina Scheu;Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
Kennedy, Ben;University of Canterbury
Scott, Bradley J.;GNS Science
Dingwell, Donald B.;Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany

Contact

Montanaro, Cristian (Researcher); Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany;

Contributors

Fragmentation Lab (Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany)

Funders

MBIE: Stable power generation and tourism with reduced geothermal explosion hazard (UOAX1807)
DFG: Permeability’s role around magma bodies: a way for gradually deforming or suddenly erupting (MO3508/1-1)

Keywords

Hydrothermal eruptions, Experimental, Energy partitioning, Eruption dynamic, EPOS, multi-scale laboratories, rock and melt physical properties, ash_tuff_lapillistone_and_lapilli_tuff, Rock, Density, Grain size distribution, Permeability, Permeameter, Pycnometer, Density, Grain size distribution, Permeability, Permeameter, Pycnometer, Rock, ash_tuff_lapillistone_and_lapilli_tuff

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