10.5880/fidgeo.2021.031 Westner, Katrin J. Katrin J. Westner 0000-0001-5529-1165 Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France Rose, Thomas Thomas Rose 0000-0002-8186-3566 Department of Bible, Archaeology and the Ancient Near East, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Antichità, Sapienza – Università di Roma, Rome, Italy Klein, Sabine Sabine Klein 0000-0002-3939-4428 Forschungsbereich Archäometallurgie, Leibniz-Forschungsmuseum für Georessourcen/Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Germany FIERCE, Frankfurt Isotope &Element Research Center, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Institut für Archäologische Wissenschaften, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany Hsu, Yiu-Kang Yiu-Kang Hsu 0000-0002-2439-4863 Forschungsbereich Archäometallurgie, Leibniz-Forschungsmuseum für Georessourcen/Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Germany GFZ Data Services 2021 raw material provenance chemical > isotope chemical element > element of group IV > lead chemical element > transition element > copper chemical element > transition element > silver EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY > GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES > ISOTOPE RATIOS EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY > GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES > ISOTOPES EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS > METALS EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS > METALS > METALS AGE DETERMINATIONS EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS > METALS > METALS VERTICAL/GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Spectrometers/Radiometers > ICP-MS In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Spectrometers/Radiometers > MC-ICP-MS industrial process > metal working > metal smelting industry > metallurgical industry > non-ferrous metal industry lithosphere > mineral > metallic mineral > non-ferrous metal resource utilisation resource utilisation > extraction resource utilisation > extraction > mining Westner, Katrin J. Katrin J. Westner 0000-0001-5529-1165 Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France Westner, Katrin J. Katrin J. Westner 0000-0001-5529-1165 Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France Westner, Katrin J. Katrin J. Westner 0000-0001-5529-1165 Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France Rose, Thomas Thomas Rose 0000-0002-8186-3566 Department of Bible, Archaeology and the Ancient Near East, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Antichità, Sapienza – Università di Roma, Rome, Italy Rose, Thomas Thomas Rose 0000-0002-8186-3566 Department of Bible, Archaeology and the Ancient Near East, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Antichità, Sapienza – Università di Roma, Rome, Italy Rose, Thomas Thomas Rose 0000-0002-8186-3566 Department of Bible, Archaeology and the Ancient Near East, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Antichità, Sapienza – Università di Roma, Rome, Italy Klein, Sabine Sabine Klein 0000-0002-3939-4428 Forschungsbereich Archäometallurgie, Leibniz-Forschungsmuseum für Georessourcen/Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Germany FIERCE, Frankfurt Isotope &Element Research Center, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Institut für Archäologische Wissenschaften, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany Klein, Sabine Sabine Klein 0000-0002-3939-4428 Forschungsbereich Archäometallurgie, Leibniz-Forschungsmuseum für Georessourcen/Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Germany FIERCE, Frankfurt Isotope &Element Research Center, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Institut für Archäologische Wissenschaften, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany Klein, Sabine Sabine Klein 0000-0002-3939-4428 Forschungsbereich Archäometallurgie, Leibniz-Forschungsmuseum für Georessourcen/Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Germany FIERCE, Frankfurt Isotope &Element Research Center, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Institut für Archäologische Wissenschaften, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany Klein, Sabine Sabine Klein 0000-0002-3939-4428 Forschungsbereich Archäometallurgie, Leibniz-Forschungsmuseum für Georessourcen/Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Germany FIERCE, Frankfurt Isotope &Element Research Center, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Institut für Archäologische Wissenschaften, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany Klein, Sabine Sabine Klein 0000-0002-3939-4428 Forschungsbereich Archäometallurgie, Leibniz-Forschungsmuseum für Georessourcen/Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Germany FIERCE, Frankfurt Isotope &Element Research Center, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Institut für Archäologische Wissenschaften, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany Hsu, Yiu-Kang Yiu-Kang Hsu 0000-0002-2439-4863 Forschungsbereich Archäometallurgie, Leibniz-Forschungsmuseum für Georessourcen/Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Germany Hsu, Yiu-Kang Yiu-Kang Hsu 0000-0002-2439-4863 Forschungsbereich Archäometallurgie, Leibniz-Forschungsmuseum für Georessourcen/Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Germany Nezafati, Nima Nima Nezafati 0000-0002-5806-343X Forschungsbereich Archäometallurgie, Leibniz-Forschungsmuseum für Georessourcen/Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Germany GlobaLID Core Team Forschungsbereich Archäometallurgie, Leibniz-Forschungsmuseum für Georessourcen/Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Germany Dataset https://scholar.cu.edu.eg/?q=geoali/files/8_metalla_18_12_sinai.pdf http://www.cjees.ro/viewTopic.php?topicId=92 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.03.021 10.1021/ba-1974-0138.ch001 10.1016/j.jas.2010.12.004 10.2143/IA.44.0.2034374 10.1111/j.1600-0471.2010.00327.x 10.1179/eja.2001.4.1.43 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.04.012 10.1007/BF00204563 10.1098/rsta.1970.0093 https://www.cmog.org/sites/default/files/collections/EF/EF7A58A8-B677-421E-91BA-BF71ECD21B9A.pdf 10.1007/978-94-011-3358-6_19 10.1127/ejm/9/5/1005 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321155006 10.1029/JB086iB04p02699 10.3133/ofr79661 http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/2824 10.1016/j.jseaes.2009.08.007 10.1017/S0068245400019523 10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.03.016 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https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542473 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291189931 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340448532 http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/44048 10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105559 https://globalid.dmt-lb.de/ 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2011.00653.x 10.1016/0016-7037(84)90364-8 10.1016/0012-821X(75)90223-X 10.1180/minmag.1998.62a.1.260 10.1016/j.gca.2014.09.008 10.1016/0016-7037(85)90202-9 10.3390/min6030096 10.1016/0012-821X(75)90088-6 10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00182-5 10.5880/fidgeo.2023.043 1.0 CC BY 4.0 This dataset is a continuously growing collection of lead isotope reference data. Lead isotopes are an established method to reconstruct the raw material provenance of archaeological objects. They are typically applied to artefacts made of copper, lead, silver, and their alloys. However, also the raw material provenance of other materials such as glass, pigments and pottery was already reconstructed with lead isotopes. To successfully reconstruct the origin of the raw material, lead isotope signatures from as many as possible suitable raw material occurrences must be known. In the past, large-scaled research projects were carried out to characterise ore deposits especially in the Mediterranean area and Western Europe. However, many of these data are dispersed in the literature and were published in scientific articles or monographies. Consequently, each researcher or at least each research group had to build their own up-to-date data base of reference data from the literature.

To overcome these restrictions, to facilitate work with lead isotope reference data and particularly to make the data FAIR, i.e. findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (Wilkinson et al., 2016), these published data are compiled and transferred into a uniform layout. They are further enhanced with additional metadata to facilitate their use in raw material provenance studies. Currently, the database is restricted to ores and minerals as these are the most relevant materials for provenance studies of ancient metals. Future updates will include hitherto uncovered regions but also additional data from countries already present. Slag and other metallurgical (by-) products from ancient sites in close vicinity to ore deposits generally are a genuine representation of the ores utilised in historic times. As such, they are highly relevant for provenance studies and an extension to these materials is therefore planned. GlobaLID is a representation of the collective work of researchers on Pb isotope studies. As such, the database is seen as a community engagement project that invites scientists all over the world to become active contributors of GlobaLID. The initiators of the database dedicate their effort to the continuation and maintenance of the database but only the support of the whole community will allow a rapid and successful growth of GlobaLID.