10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2023.001 Kreibich, Heidi Heidi Kreibich 0000-0001-6274-3625 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Hydrology, Potsdam, Germany Schröter, Kai Kai Schröter 0000-0002-3173-7019 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Hydrology, Potsdam, Germany Leichtweiss Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources, Division of Hydrology and River basin management, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany Di Baldassarre, Giuliano Giuliano Di Baldassarre 0000-0002-8180-4996 Centre of Natural Hazards and Disaster Science, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden Department of Integrated Water Systems and Governance, IHE Delft, The Netherlands Van Loon, Anne Anne Van Loon 0000-0003-2308-0392 Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Mazzoleni, Maurizio Maurizio Mazzoleni 0000-0002-0913-9370 Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Abeshu, Guta Wakbulcho Guta Wakbulcho Abeshu 0000-0001-8775-3678 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, USA Agafonova, Svetlana Svetlana Agafonova 0000-0002-6392-1662 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia AghaKouchak, Amir Amir AghaKouchak 0000-0003-4689-8357 University of California, Irvine, USA Aksoy, Hafzullah Hafzullah Aksoy 0000-0001-5807-5660 Department of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey Alvarez-Garreton, Camila Camila Alvarez-Garreton 0000-0002-5381-4863 Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR2, FONDAP 15110009), Santiago, Chile Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile Aznar, Blanca Blanca Aznar Operations Department, Barcelona Cicle de l'Aigua S.A, Barcelona, Spain Balkhi, Laila Laila Balkhi 0000-0001-8224-3556 Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada Barendrecht, Marlies H. 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Barendrecht 0000-0002-3825-0123 Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Biancamaria, Sylvain Sylvain Biancamaria 0000-0002-6162-0436 LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France Bos-Burgering, Liduin Liduin Bos-Burgering 0000-0002-8372-4519 Department of Groundwater Management, Deltares, The Netherlands Bradley, Chris Chris Bradley 0000-0003-4042-867X School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Budiyono, Yus Yus Budiyono 0000-0002-6288-6527 Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Jakarta, Indonesia Buytaert, Wouter Wouter Buytaert 0000-0001-6994-4454 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK Capewell, Lucinda Lucinda Capewell 0000-0002-2765-5854 School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Carlson, Hayley Hayley Carlson 0000-0002-9814-295X Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada Cavus, Yonca Yonca Cavus 0000-0002-0528-284X Department of Civil Engineering, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Couasnon, Anaïs Anaïs Couasnon 0000-0001-9372-841X Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Coxon, Gemma Gemma Coxon 0000-0002-8837-460X Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, UK Daliakopoulos, Ioannis Ioannis Daliakopoulos 0000-0001-9333-4963 Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Crete, Greece de Ruiter, Marleen C. Marleen C. de Ruiter 0000-0001-5991-8842 Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Delus, Claire Claire Delus 0000-0002-6690-5326 Université de Lorraine, LOTERR, Metz, France Erfurt, Mathilde Mathilde Erfurt 0000-0003-1389-451X Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Esposito, Giuseppe Giuseppe Esposito 0000-0001-5638-657X CNR-IRPI, Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, Perugia, Italy François, Didier Didier François 0000-0001-7305-7719 Université de Lorraine, LOTERR, Metz, France, Frappart, Frédéric Frédéric Frappart 0000-0002-4661-8274 LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1391 ISPA, Villenave dʼOrnon, France Freer, Jim Jim Freer 0000-0001-6388-7890 Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, UK University of Saskatchewan, Centre for Hydrology, Canmore, Alberta, Canada Frolova, Natalia Natalia Frolova 0000-0003-3576-285X Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Gain, Animesh K Animesh K Gain 0000-0003-3814-693X Environmental Policy and Planning (EPP) Group, Department of Urban Studies and Planning (DUSP), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Department of Economics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Italy Grillakis, Manolis Manolis Grillakis 0000-0002-4228-1803 Lab of Geophysical-Remote Sensing and Archaeo-environment, Institute for Mediterranean Studies, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Rethymno, Crete, Greece Grima, JordiOriol JordiOriol Grima Operations Department, Barcelona Cicle de l'Aigua S.A, Barcelona, Spain Guzmán, Diego A. 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Marjolein H.J. van Huijgevoort 0000-0002-9781-6852 KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands van Vliet, Michelle T.H. Michelle T.H. van Vliet 0000-0002-2597-8422 Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Vorogushyn, Sergiy Sergiy Vorogushyn 0000-0003-4639-7982 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Hydrology, Potsdam, Germany Wagener, Thorsten Thorsten Wagener 0000-0003-3881-5849 University of Potsdam, Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, Potsdam, Germany Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, UK Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, UK Wang, Yueling Yueling Wang 0000-0003-2773-2108 Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Wendt, Doris E. Doris E. Wendt 0000-0003-2315-7871 Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Wickham, Elliot Elliot Wickham 0000-0001-7890-0920 School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, US Yang, Long Long Yang 0000-0002-1872-0175 School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, China Zambrano-Bigiarini, Mauricio Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini 0000-0002-9536-643X Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR2, FONDAP 15110009), Santiago, Chile Ward, Philip J. Philip J. Ward 0000-0001-7702-7859 Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands GFZ Data Services 2023 hydrological extremes risk dynamics human-flood system human-drought system socio-hydrology risk management flood drought EARTH SCIENCE > HUMAN DIMENSIONS > ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE/MANAGEMENT > WATER MANAGEMENT EARTH SCIENCE > HUMAN DIMENSIONS > NATURAL HAZARDS > DROUGHTS EARTH SCIENCE > HUMAN DIMENSIONS > NATURAL HAZARDS > FLOODS EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES > DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION environmental assessment > environmental risk assessment Kreibich, Heidi GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Kreibich, Heidi GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Dataset 10.1038/s41586-022-04917-5 10.1080/02626667.2018.1558367 10.1002/2017EF000606 10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2022.002 10.5194/essd-2022-330 https://publications.gc.ca/site/archivee-archived.html?url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2015/aac-aafc/A48-2-2014-eng.pdf 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10.1108/17568691111107943 https://www.turkiyegazetesi.com.tr/ekonomi/157424.aspx https://www.globalsupportprogramme.org/projects/sccf-cwdcc-mozambique https://info.undp.org/docs/pdc/Documents/BGD/ERF%20-%202013%20Annual%20Progress%20Report_FINAL.pdf https://research.csiro.au/gestionrapel/wp-content/uploads/sites/79/2016/12/UNEA.-gesti%C3%B3n-del-riesgo-agroclim%C3%A1tico-y-de-las-emergencias-agr%C3%Adcolas-2010-2014.pdf https://www.gao.gov/products/rced-95-125 https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5053/pdf/SIR2005-5053.pdf https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/tigerwebmain/TIGERweb_main.html 10.3133/wsp1139 10.1002/wrcr.20123 10.1002/hyp.10838 https://www.jstor.org/stable/41253193 https://www.i-s-e-t.org/publications-and-resources-1/learning-from-el-ni%C3%B1o-costero-2017%3A-opportunities-for-building-resilience-in-peru https://www.viavosges.tv/Info-en-plus/Penurie-eau-potable-commune-Basse-sur-Rupt-K8fwvMu6YX.html https://vigilance.meteofrance.com/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/503175/ 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https://www.i-s-e-t.org/publications-and-resources-1/learning-from-el-ni%C3%B1o-costero-2017%3A-opportunities-for-building-resilience-in-peru https://www.viavosges.tv/Info-en-plus/Penurie-eau-potable-commune-Basse-sur-Rupt-K8fwvMu6YX.html https://vigilance.meteofrance.com/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/503175/ https://vologda-oblast.ru/novosti/protivopavodkovye_meropriyatiya/zayavka_na_poluchenie_federalnykh_sredstv_na_stroitelstvo_protivopavodkovoy_damby_v_velikom_ustyuge_napravlena_v_pravitelstvo_rossiyskoy_federatsii/ 10.3389/fmars.2015.00084 https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/nov/19/276m-cost-cumbria-floods-revealed https://www.watercanada.net/quebec-designates-ottawa-river-a-heritage-river/ http://info.westberks.gov.uk https://www.gov.mb.ca/asset_library/en/2011flood/regulation_review_report.pdf https://www.gov.mb.ca/mit/wms/wm/review.html 10.1111/j.1740-9713.2018.01127.x https://goo.gl/ge7ojZ 10.7666/d.d144427 https://www.wwf.org.za/water/?25441/Agricultural-water-file-Farming-for-a-drier-future 10.19733/j.cnki.1672-9900.1998.03.016 https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/cyclone-aila-losses-bangladesh-estimated-269-mln-usd https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2011/05/11/manitobans_brace_for_planned_flooding.html 10.1002/hyp.13154 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=degree%26id=Y2669009 https://www.blueeconomyfuture.org.za/gallery/ziervogel-2019-lessons-from-cape-town-drought_a.pdf 10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074002 CC BY 4.0 As the negative impacts of hydrological extremes increase in large parts of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of change in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions and feedbacks in complex human-water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. To fill this gap, we present an IAHS Panta Rhei benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e. two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area (Kreibich et al. 2017, 2019). The contained 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas (in three study areas we have data on two paired events), which cover different socioeconomic and hydroclimatic contexts across all continents. The dataset is unique in covering floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed and in the amount of qualitative and quantitative socio-hydrological data contained.

References to the data sources are provided in 2023-001_Kreibich-et-al_Key_data_table.xlsx where possible.

Based on templates, we collected detailed, review-style reports describing the event characteristics and processes in the case study areas, as well as various semi-quantitative data, categorised into management, hazard, exposure, vulnerability and impacts. Sources of the data were classified as follows: scientific study (peer-reviewed paper and PhD thesis), report (by governments, administrations, NGOs, research organisations, projects), own analysis by authors, based on a database (e.g. official statistics, monitoring data such as weather, discharge data, etc.), newspaper article, and expert judgement.

The campaign to collect the information and data on paired events started at the EGU General Assembly in April 2019 in Vienna and was continued with talks promoting the paired event data collection at various conferences. Communication with the Panta Rhei community and other flood and drought experts identified through snowballing techniques was important. Thus, data on paired events were provided by professionals with excellent local knowledge of the events and risk management practices.
Spatial coverage of the Panda Rhei Benchmark Dataset -138.75 163.594 -55.2457 70.9214