10.5880/fidgeo.2020.013 eng dataset GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences datapub@gfz-potsdam.de http://www.gfz-potsdam.de Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences pointOfContact 2020-04-07 urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG:4326 Copper isotope fractionation during prehistoric smelting of copper sulfides: experimental and analytical data 2020-04-07 revision 2020-02-28 creation doi:10.5880/fidgeo.2020.013 Rose, Thomas Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Forschungsabteilung Archäometallurgie, Bochum, Germany author Klein, Sabine Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Forschungsabteilung Archäometallurgie, Bochum, Germany author Hanning, Erica K. RGZM Mainz, Kompetenzbereich Experimentelle Archäologie, Mayen, Germany author Mayen, Laboratory for Experimental Archaeology of the RGZM; smelting experiments Laboratory for Experimental Archaeology of the RGZM, Mayen, Germany originator Bochum, German Mining Museum: sample preparation, XRD, chemistry analyses German Mining Museum, Bochum, Germany originator Frankfurt, FIERCE: Cu isotope analyses FIERCE, Frankfurt, Germany originator GFZ Data Services publisher The project from which the data derived aimed to establish the first systematic study of Cu isotope fractionation during the prehistoric smelting and refining process. For this reason, an experimental approach was used to smelt sulfide copper ore according to reconstructed prehistoric smelting models. The ore was collected by E. Hanning as part of her PhD thesis work from a Bronze Age mining site, the Mitterberg region, Austria (Hanning and Pils 2011) and was made available for the experiments. All starting materials for the experiments such as the natural ore, roasted ore, construction clay, flux, dung (used for the roasting), wood and charcoal (fuel) were natural materials. All firing conditions including the amount of fuel or charging material and the temperatures in the furnaces were recorded, and the experimental procedures were documented in the very detail. In total, 30 experiments were carried out in 4 experimental series. The smelting products, both intermediate products and final products were sampled during or after the respective experiment. Slag, matte and copper metal were the major smelting products. All other materials used in and produced by the experiments were sampled, too. Materials used and produced in the two most promising experimental series with regard to potential Cu isotope fractionation were analyzed. Based on the analytical results, the potential of Cu isotopes as a tool in archaeometallurgical research was systematically evaluated and consequences for the copper isotope application as a provenance tool in archaeometry were identified. The data include the documentation of the experiments, laboratory procedures and analytical methods. An experimental outline was previously published in Rose et al. (2019). Analytical methods applied were ICP-MS (elemental analysis, 80 samples), MC-ICP-MS (copper isotopes, 98 samples), and XRD (phase analysis, 25 samples). The experiments were carried out at the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Labor für Experimentelle Archäologie, Mayen, Germany. Laboratories used for the analytical part of the project were the research laboratories at the Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum and FIERCE (Frankfurt Isotope and Element Research Center), Goethe-University Frankfurt, both Germany. Data were processed and plots created with R (R Core Team 2019) in RStudio®. Data are provided as data tables or text files, the R scripts used to create the time-temperature plots of the smelting experiments are also included. The full description of the data and methods is provided in the data description file. Complete Rose, Thomas Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Forschungsabteilung Archäometallurgie, Bochum, Germany thomas.rose@daad-alumni.de pointOfContact Klein, Sabine Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Forschungsabteilung Archäometallurgie, Bochum, Germany Leiterin der Forschungsabteilung Archäometallurgie Sabine.Klein@bergbaumuseum.de https://www.bergbaumuseum.de/museum/mitarbeitende/kontakt-detailseite/prof-dr-sabine-klein informtion pointOfContact copper isotopes archaeometallurgy roasting smelting experiment chalcopyrite Mitterberg ore slag experimental archaeology chemical > isotope chemical element > transition element > copper industrial process > metal working > metal smelting industry > metallurgical industry > non-ferrous metal industry research > scientific research > experimental study science > human science > archaeology GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 publication EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY > GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES > CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY > GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES > ISOTOPE MEASUREMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS > ELEMENTS > TRACE ELEMENTS NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords publication In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Spectrometers/Radiometers > ICP-MS In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Spectrometers/Radiometers > MC-ICP-MS Solar/Space Observing Instruments > X-Ray/Gamma Ray Detectors > XRPD GCMD Instruments publication CC BY 4.0 CC BY 4.0 https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ggthemes URL Cites https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=gridExtra URL Cites 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.04.004 DOI Cites https://www.geo.arizona.edu/xtal/group/pdf/am88_247.pdf URL Cites 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.010 DOI Cites 10.1107/S0021889809016690 DOI Cites 10.1093/nar/gkr900 DOI Cites 10.18637/jss.v040.i03 DOI Cites https://www.worldcat.org/isbn/9783902811134 URL Cites https://www.academia.edu/36080744/Alpines_Kupferschmelzen_-_technologische_Aspekte URL Cites 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00815-8 DOI Cites 10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00191-0 DOI Cites https://www.worldcat.org/isbn/3432959710 URL Cites https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/canmin/article/33/3/689/12679/The-definition-of-a-mineral URL Cites 10.1039/b710977f DOI Cites https://www.R-project.org/ URL Cites 10.1021/ic00234a044 DOI Cites 10.23689/fidgeo-3706 DOI Cites 10.1016/0022-1902(77)80346-1 DOI Cites 10.1107/S0021889813003531 DOI Cites https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tidyverse URL Cites https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=readxl URL Cites 10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00076-5 DOI Cites 10.1111/arcm.12564 DOI IsSupplementTo eng geoscientificInformation Mayen, Laboratory for Experimental Archaeology of the RGZM; location of the smelting experiments 7.23883 7.23883 50.3327 50.3327 2018-03-28 2018-09-26 Bochum, German Mining Museum; sample preparation, XRD, chemistry analyses 7.21282 7.21282 51.4883 51.4883 2018-10-01 2020-02-18 Frankfurt, FIERCE; Cu isotope analyses 8.63403 8.63403 50.1737 50.1737 2019-05-17 2019-08-27 Mitterberger Hauptgang 13.1251 13.1251 47.4019 47.4019 http://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2020.013 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Data Access - DOI Data Access - DOI information