10.5880/isg.2021.010 Goyal, Ropesh Ropesh Goyal 0000-0002-2178-3265 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India Featherstone, Will E. Will E. Featherstone 0000-0001-9644-4535 School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia Claessens, Sten J. Sten J. Claessens 0000-0003-4935-6916 School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia Dikshit, Onkar Onkar Dikshit 0000-0003-3213-8218 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India Balasubramanian, Nagarajan Nagarajan Balasubramanian Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India GFZ Data Services 2021 Geodesy Geoid model ISG KTH method Least Squares modification of Stokes integral with additive corrections India EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEODETICS > GEOID CHARACTERISTICS EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD > GRAVITY Reguzzoni, Mirko Mirko Reguzzoni 0000-0002-4027-9347 International Service for the Geoid (ISG), Politecnico di Milano, Italy Carrion, Daniela Daniela Carrion 0000-0003-1262-9394 International Service for the Geoid (ISG), Politecnico di Milano, Italy Rossi, Lorenzo Lorenzo Rossi 0000-0001-6050-1972 International Service for the Geoid (ISG), Politecnico di Milano, Italy Goyal, Ropesh Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India ISG Staff International Service for the Geoid (ISG) 2021 Dataset 10.1007/s00190-009-0302-9 10.5194/essd-13-1653-2021 http://www.isgeoid.polimi.it/ 10.5880/isg.2021.008 10.5880/isg.2021.009 1.0 CC BY 4.0 The IndGG-LSMSA2021 is the Indian Gravimetric Geoid model developed using the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) method of Least Squares Modification of the Stokes formula with Additive corrections (LSMSA). The method was used to calculate the quasigeoid model, which was converted to the geoid model by applying the geoid-quasigeoid separation term calculated using the method by Flury and Rummel (2009). Data used are terrestrial gravity anomalies from GETECH, satellite-altimeter derived marine gravity anomalies, MERIT digital elevation model, EGM2008 and GO_CONS_GCF_2_DIR_R5 global geopotential models. The LSMSA method was used with various combinations of modification degree and integration radius. This gravimetric geoid model was obtained with the modification degree of 300 and an integration radius of 1°. The IndGG-LSMSA2021 model extends from 7° N to 37° N latitude and 68° E to 98° E longitude with a grid spacing of 0.02°×0.02° and it is referred to the GRS80 ellipsoid. On validation with the available GNSS/levelling data, mean±STD (in m) for India is -0.14±0.43. However, on cluster-wise validation in the four regions of the country, Uttar Pradesh West, Uttar Pradesh East, Hyderabad, and Bangalore, mean±STD (in m) are -0.58±0.13, -0.49±0.10, 0.14±0.16, and 0.79±0.03, respectively.

The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
Gravimetric geoid model IndGG-LSMSA2021 - PLEASE NOTE: The basemap does not represent the actual political boundary of India 68 98 7 37